Lactate, and Tumor Phenotype Metabolic Imaging: A Link between Lactate Dehydrogenase A, Updated Version

Purpose: We compared the metabolic profiles and the association between LDH-A expression and lactate production in two isogenic murine breast cancer cell lines and tumors (67NR and 4T1). These cell lines were derived from a single mammary tumor and have different growth and metabolic phenotypes. Experimental Design: LDH-A expression, lactate concentration, glucose utilization, and oxygen consumption were measured in cells, and the potential relationship between tumor lactate levels [measured bymagnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI)] and tumor glucose utilization [measured by [F]2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography ([F]FDG-PET)] was assessed in orthotopic breast tumors derived from these cell lines. Results: We show a substantial difference in LDH-A expression between 67NR and 4T1 cells under normoxia and hypoxia. We also show that small orthotopic 4T1 tumors generate 10-fold more lactate than corresponding 67NR tumors. The high lactate levels in small primary 4T1 tumors are associated with intense pimonidazole staining (a hypoxia indicator). Less-intense hypoxia staining was observed in the larger 67NR tumors and is consistent with the gradual increase and plateau of lactate concentration in enlarging 67NR tumors. Conclusions: Lactate-MRSI has a greater dynamic range than [F]FDG-PET andmay be amore sensitive measure with which to evaluate the aggressive and metastatic potential of primary breast tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 17(19); 6250–61. 2011 AACR.